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Adriano Banchieri on Singing the Words Under the Notes

Writer's picture: Tim BraithwaiteTim Braithwaite

Updated: Jul 16, 2022

How to sing the words under the notes
Final lesson

Before the beginning singer commences [singing] the words, several conditions must first be satisfied: [he must] know how to read in all the clefs, and particularly in those which are appropriate for his own voice; he must understand fundamentally the high and low mutations, both ascending and descending; and finally, he must know how to carry the voice correctly on the notes alone, precisely by step or by leap. When he has [acquired] all these true fundamentals, he can begin to sing the words, and in a short time he will become a skilled singer. But before saying [the words] he ought to understand thoroughly the battuta, the principal object in music


I deem this [to be] a good method and rule for singing the words: first, sing four or six notes several times, and when they are affixed in your memory, pronounce [i.e., sing] the words under the same passage, whereby with long practice you will achieve perfection.


Note that there is a great difference between words in Latin and in the vernacular [Italian]. In the vernacular, when the end of a word is a vowel — that is, a, e, i, o, or u — and the beginning of the following word is also a vowel, one note can serve for both. On the other hand, in Latin words, if a word ends with a vowel and the following word begins with a vowel, each note merits its own syllable. However, it is true that, in the vernacular, when a word ends in a vowel and the following [word] begins with two vowels (called a “consonant syllable” by grammarians), in that case, as in Latin, each vowel is sung to its own note. This advice should serve not only for new and beginning singers, but for composers as well.


Modo di cantare le parole sotto le note
Ultimo documento

Avanti che il principiante cantore entri nelle parole, prima se gli ricercano molte condizioni: saper leggere sopra tutte le chiavi e in particolare quelle che sono appropriate alla di lui voce; se gli ricerca sapere fondatamente le mutazioni superiori e inferiori così ascendenti come discendenti, e per ultimo portar giusta voce nelle note semplici, appuntate di grado e salto, e mentre avrà tutti questi reali fondamenti potrà dar principio al cantare le parole che in breve reuscirà sicuro cantore e quello che prima dire dovevasi capire bene la battuta principale oggetto della musica. Il modo e regola di cantare le parole questo giudico buono prima si cantino entro quattr'o sei note più fiate e affisse nell'immaginativa sotto l'istesso tuono proferire le parole dove per lunga consuetudine si riduce a perfezione, avvertendo però che scorre gran differenza dalle parole volgari alle latine, nelle volgari quando il fine di una parola sia lettera vocale una nota serva ad amendui, al contrario nelle parole latine se la parola finisce in vocale e il principio della parola seguente pure principia in vocale ogni nota deve la sua sillaba: è ben vero che nelle parole volgari quando una parola termina in vocale e la seguente abbia principio in dui vocali (dagli grammatici detta sillaba consonante) in tal caso si canta come nel latino ogni vocale la sua nota, e tali avvertimenti ancora servono agli principianti e novelli non solo cantori ma parimente compositori.

 

Notes


Adriano Banchieri, Cartella Musicale Nel Canto Figrato, Fermo, & Contrapunto., Third Edition (Venice: Giacomo Vincenti, 1614). Translation from Clifford A. Cranna, “Adriano Banchieri’s Cartella Musicale (1614): Translation and Commentary” (Dissertation, 1981).


Below is the musical example accompanying this passage, showing the processes described above.




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