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Tim Braithwaite
Summary of the Rules of Singing on the Book: Those of “strict counterpoint” in two voices
The summary below is from Jean-Paul Montagnier, “Le Chant Sur Le Livre Au XVIIIe Siècle: Les Traités de Louis-Joseph Marchand et Henry...


Tim Braithwaite
Improvising on a Plainchant (Chanter sur le Livre) as described in Early Nineteenth-Century France
‘... France, where musical taste has always been somewhat backwards, has never abandoned the mania for improvising on plainchant. The...


Tim Braithwaite
Johann Friedrich Agricola (1757) and Wolfgang Caspar Printz (1678) on Choral Singing
‘The loudness or softness, especially on long and serious notes, must be observed even by those who sing the supporting voices [not the...


Tim Braithwaite
Giovanni Bardi Discussing Good and Bad Singing in a Letter to Giulio Caccini (c.1578)
I become nauseated when I recall some singers I have heard, whether solo or accompanied by others, improvising on a choirbook, not caring...


Tim Braithwaite
Cardinal Domenico Capranica (1400-1458) on the singers of Pope Nicholas V
‘In honour of immortal God, the Supreme Pontiff Nicholas V filled the most sumptuous sanctuary that he had erected among the papal courts...


Tim Braithwaite
Johann Matthias Gesner’s Description of J.S. Bach Directing from the Keyboard (1732)
‘To Marcus Pabius Quintilianus You would think but slightly, my dear Fabius, of all these [the accomplishments of the citharists], if,...


Tim Braithwaite
John Curwen Describes a Rehearsal of the Boys at St. Pauls, London in 1891
‘The Cathedral bell is striking two, and in the passage boys scud to and fro shouting “Practice!" and racing to their places in the...


Tim Braithwaite
Denys van Leeuwen on Late Fifteenth-Century Liturgical Singing, Translated by Robert Redman (1533)
‘Whether descant may be commendable in the divine service, and of certain things which ought to be eschewed in song. Like as it is...


Tim Braithwaite
Hieronymus de Moravia (late 13th century) on the use of Harmonic Flowers in Chant
‘The harmonic flower [flos harmonicus] is, however, an ornament of the voice or sound, and a very fast and storm-like vibration. Some...


Tim Braithwaite
With Chains of Gold? Thomas Morley describing the soundworld of English liturgical singing (1597)
This kind [the motet] of all others which are made on a ditty [text], requireth most art, and moveth and causeth most strange effects in...


Tim Braithwaite
Martin Agricola on ‘One of the First Things’ to Teach Choristers (1533)
‘On the difference between the syllables/voices [stimmen]. From the above mentioned six syllables two are called b molles, ut and fa,...


Tim Braithwaite
John Arnold on Collective, Florid Psalm Singing (1761)
Of the Several Graces Used in Music: The first and most principle grace, necessary to be learned, is the trill or shake; that is, to move...


Tim Braithwaite
The Performance of Passaggi in Irregular Rhythms According to Lodovico Zacconi (1596)
‘All these things require aptitude, agility, and time, without which nothing can be achieved, and the singer, in using or adopting them...


Tim Braithwaite
Luigi Zenobi on the Role of the Inner Voices in Polyphonic Singing (c.1600)
Since we’ve already seen Zenobi’s comments on the requirements for a soprano (https://www.cacophonyhistoricalsinging.com/post/luigi-zenob...


Tim Braithwaite
Adriano Banchieri on Cacophonous (!) Counterpoint
‘In Rome...while singing [extempore] counterpoint, in the mind (alla mente) above the bass, nobody does that which his partner sings, but...


Tim Braithwaite
John Earle on ‘The Common Singing-Men in Cathedral Churches’ (1628)
‘The common singing-men in cathedral churches are a bad society, and yet a company of good fellows, that roar deep in the quire, deeper...


Tim Braithwaite
Adhémar de Chabannes on French and Italian Articulation (11th c.)
‘All the singers of France have learnt the Italian style that they now call ‘French’, but cannot express perfectly the tremulous...


Tim Braithwaite
Nicola Vicentino on Vowel Alteration (1555)
‘In setting these vowels, composers are advised that some, such as a, o, and u, are amenable to runs in the low registers and support the...


Tim Braithwaite
Desiderius Erasmus on Church Singing (1516)
‘Not content even with these things, we have brought into the churches some kind of laboursome and theatrical music...
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