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Reimagining Historical Voices
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
Tim Braithwaite
Georg Falck on the use of Extemporised Florid Ornaments and Trills in an Ensemble Setting (1688)
‘Although they are set only in the system of the cantus, these examples of accentus and variation of intervals can be used in the other...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Two Comments on Ensemble Singing by Joan Albert Ban (1642)
III. Diminution Diminution occurs when larger notes are broken into many parts by the smaller ones in motion. The which must not...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Andreas Ornithoparcus on the Singing of Different Nations and the Faults of German Cantors (1517)
Dowland’s Translation: ‘Every man lives after his owne humour; neither are all men governed by the same lawes, and divers Nations have...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Pierre-Louis Pollio on the ‘Charivary’ of Improvising (‘Chant sur le Livre’) in Many Parts (1771)
‘As for singing on the book in many parts made impromptu, my sentiment is that it is almost impossible to do well… I maintain that it is...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Gioseffo Zarlino on Those who Improvise Counterpoint with ‘No Regard for the Other Voices’ (1558)
‘What Must be Observed when Improvising a Third Part on Two Given Parts: Skilled contrapuntists occasionally want to improvise a third...
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
Tim Braithwaite
An Anonymous Set of Instructions for Ornamenting Plainchant (c.1475-1525)
[fol. 22r.] Chapter two: of the definition and the division of melodÃa MelodÃa is to adorn and to grace the sounds of plainchant. MelodÃa...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Dr. Zechariah Buck’s (1798-1879) Methods of Teaching Choristers at Norwich Cathedral
The time table of daily duty was, 9 to 9.45, scale practice; 10 to 11, morning service; 11 to 12.30 or 1, music practice; 2 to 3.45,...
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
Tim Braithwaite
The ‘Tedious’ Tempo of English Psalm Singing in the Early 18th Century
‘But the greatest Difficulty is to sound every Note according to its due Measure of Time; and here it is that the Singers in most Country...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Bottrigari on both Ensemble Ornamentation and ‘Odious’ (‘odiosa’) Improvised Counterpoint (1594)
‘[Alemanno Benelli:] But because of the presumptuous audacity of performers who try to invent passaggi, I will not say sometimes, but...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Andreas Ornithoparcus (1516) on Solmisation:
(Summary) The Rules of Solfaing When solfaing, the singer must be aware of the mode of the piece, since this will tell them what sort of...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Conrad von Zabern on those who Deviate from Notated Plainchant Melodies (1474):
‘To sing with fidelity... is to sing so that anyone of those singing together should remain in the form of those notes that were...

Tim Braithwaite
Thomas Morley on the Perils of Many Singers ‘Singing on a Plainsong.’
'As for singing upon a plainsong, it has been in times past in England, as every man knows, and is at this day in other places, the...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Definition of Chant sur le Livre:
‘Singing on the book. A Plainchant or counterpoint in four parts, which the musicians compose and sing impromptu on a single [part]:...
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
Tim Braithwaite
English Psalm Singers ‘Tearing with their Throats one Wretched Stave into an Hundred Notes’: (1708)
‘Then out the People yawl an hundred Parts, Some roar, some whine, some creak like the Wheels of Carts; Such Notes the Gam-ut yet did...
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
Tim Braithwaite
The Practices of ‘Lascivious’ Church Musicians as Described by Heinrich von Nettesheim (1532)
‘Today, music has such great license in churches that even along with the canon of the mass certain obscene little ditties sometimes have...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Johann Samuel Petri’s Advice for Teaching a Congregation to Harmonise a Chorale Extempore (1767)
Question. How can one remedy the fault that a choir, when it sings a well-known church chorale without sheet music, as must often happen,...
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Tim Braithwaite
Giovanni Battista Martini on Singing ‘all’improvviso’ on a Cantus Firmus (1774):
'Among the compositions made above a cantus firmus by the masters of the art, those [made] above introits are unique, and are used...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Banchieri on Writing an Introit that Creates the Effect of Improvised Counterpoint in Many Voices
‘I have no doubt at all that the counterpoints above a cantus firmus from the introits by Constanzo Porta and Giovanni Matteo Asola,...
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
Tim Braithwaite
A Comparison Between Cathedral Singing and the Singing of David’s Psalms (1644)
Davids Psalms sung in our English Meeter differ much from Cathedrall singing, which is so abominable, in which is sung almost every...
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
Tim Braithwaite
Reminiscences of a Cacophonous (!) way of ‘Singing on the Book’ in Early 19th-Century France
‘I know of no musician today who has any idea what it means to sing on the book. It was an improvised and simultaneous melody [chant]...
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